The CAN protocol was standardized by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in 1993 and has since been divided into two standards: ISO 11898-1, which describes the data link layer of the protocol, and ISO 11898-2 which describes the physical layer. The multiplex architecture allows signals to be combined and transmitted over the entire network along a single wire, such that each electronic module in the vehicle receives data from sensors and actuators in a timely fashion. The CAN protocol eliminates the need for excessive wiring by allowing electronic devices to communicate with each other along a single multiplex wire that connects each node in the network to the main dashboard. Each module had a direct line connecting it to each other module that is needed to communicate with, an architecture that was time-consuming and used an excessive amount of wiring. Under the existing wiring standards, the electronic modules would communicate with each other using direct, point-to-point analog signal lines. For these electronic devices to function in unison, time tasks correctly, and share data, they would need to be wired together. In the early 1980s, vehicle manufacturers were beginning to incorporate an increasing number of electronic devices, such as active suspension, gear and lighting control, central locking, and ABS into cars and trucks for the first time. The protocol was developed by Robert Bosch GmbH in 1986 to help further the development of electronic communications in the automobile industry. The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus protocol is rapidly growing in popularity among engineers who work with high-level industrial embedded systems.
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